Background
Objective
Study Design
Results
Conclusion
Key words
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to American Journal of Obstetrics & GynecologyReferences
- Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile female: a committee opinion.Fertil Steril. 2015; 103: e44-e50
- Prevalence of infertility in the United States as estimated by the current duration approach and a traditional constructed approach.Fertil Steril. 2013; 99: 1324-1331.e1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018 Assisted Reproductive Technology Fertility Clinic Success Rates Report. CDC.gov. https://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Publications/art/ART-2018-Clinic-Report-Full.pdf. 2020. Accessed March 24, 2022.
National Center for Health Statistics. National Survey of Family Growth: Female Respondent Data 2015–2017. CDC.gov. https://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Datasets/NSFG/. 2018. Accessed March 24, 2022.
- The economic impact of assisted reproductive technology: a review of selected developed countries.Fertil Steril. 2009; 91: 2281-2294
- Electronic address: [email protected] Disparities in access to effective treatment for infertility in the United States: an ethics committee opinion.Fertil Steril. 2021; 116: 54-63
- 30 years of data: impact of the United States in vitro fertilization data registry on advancing fertility care.Fertil Steril. 2019; 111: 477-488
- To pay or not to pay.Fertil Steril. 2003; 80: 27-29
- Disparities in access to fertility care: who’s in and who’s out.F S Rep. 2021; 2: 109-117
- Disparities in access to infertility services in a state with mandated insurance coverage.Fertil Steril. 2005; 84: 221-223
- Effects of infertility insurance mandates on fertility.J Health Econ. 2007; 26: 431-446
- Top 10 priorities for future infertility research: an international consensus development study.Fertil Steril. 2021; 115: 180-190
American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Is In Vitro Fertilization Expensive? ReproductiveFacts.org. https://www.reproductivefacts.org/faqs/frequently-asked-questions-about-infertility/q06-is-in-vitro-fertilization-expensive/. 2022. Accessed March 24, 2022.
- Out-of-pocket fertility patient expense: data from a multicenter prospective infertility cohort.J Urol. 2014; 191: 427-432
- Costs of infertility treatment: results from an 18-month prospective cohort study.Fertil Steril. 2011; 95: 915-921
- CDC releases a National public health action plan for the detection, prevention, and management of infertility.J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2015; 24: 548-549
National Conference of State Legislatures. Sate Laws Related to Insurance Coverage for Infertility Treatment. NCSL.org. https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/insurance-coverage-for-infertility-laws.aspx. 2021. Accessed March 24, 2022.
RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association. Infertility Coverage By State. RESOLVE.org, 2021.
- Fertility-a human right worthy of mandated insurance coverage: the evolution, limitations, and future of access to care.Fertil Steril. 2021; 115: 29-42
- Insurance coverage and outcomes of in vitro fertilization.N Engl J Med. 2002; 347: 661-666
- Insurance mandates and trends in infertility treatments.Fertil Steril. 2008; 89: 66-73
- The effects of insurance mandates on choices and outcomes in infertility treatment markets.Health Econ. 2012; 21: 994-1016
- Assisted reproductive technology use, embryo transfer practices, and birth outcomes after infertility insurance mandates: New Jersey and Connecticut.Fertil Steril. 2016; 105: 347-355
- Trends in the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the United States.N Engl J Med. 2007; 357: 251-257
- Does insurance coverage decrease the risk for multiple births associated with assisted reproductive technology?.Fertil Steril. 2003; 80: 16-23
- State insurance mandates and multiple birth rates after in vitro fertilization.Obstet Gynecol. 2016; 128: 1205-1214
- The impact of consumer affordability on access to assisted reproductive technologies and embryo transfer practices: an international analysis.Fertil Steril. 2014; 101: 191-198.e4
- Embryo transfer practices and perinatal outcomes by insurance mandate status.Fertil Steril. 2015; 104: 403-409.e1
- Insurance mandates, embryo transfer, outcomes--the link is tenuous.Fertil Steril. 2010; 94: 2776-2779
- Trends in embryo-transfer practice and in outcomes of the use of assisted reproductive technology in the United States.N Engl J Med. 2004; 350: 1639-1645
- Electronic address: [email protected] Electronic address aao. Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion.Fertil Steril. 2020; 113: 533-535
United States Census Bureau. State Population by Characteristics: 2010–2019. Census.gov. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-state-detail.html. 2021. Accessed March 24, 2022.
- In vitro fertilization availability and utilization in the United States: a study of demographic, social, and economic factors.Fertil Steril. 2009; 91: 1630-1635
- Percentage∗ of women aged 25-44 years who had ever used infertility services,† by type of service - National Survey of Family Growth, United States, 2006-2010 and 2015-2019.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021; 70: 1433
- Infertility service use in the United States: data from the National Survey of Family Growth, 1982-2010.Natl Health Stat Report. 2014; : 1-21
- Direct standardization (age-adjusted death rates).Healthy People 2000 Stat Notes. 1995; : 1-10
- Should health insurance cover IVF? Issues and options.J Health Polit Policy Law. 1997; 22: 1215-1239
- Elective single embryo transfer in women less than age 38 years reduces multiple birth rates, but not live birth rates, in United States fertility clinics.Fertil Steril. 2016; 106: 1107-1114
- Diagnosis and treatment of diminished ovarian reserve in assisted reproductive technology cycles of women up to age 40 years: the role of insurance mandates.Fertil Steril. 2013; 99: 382-388
- Fertility treatments and multiple births in the United States.N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 2218-2225
- Reproductive technology--the price of progress.N Engl J Med. 1994; 331: 270-271
- Multiple pregnancy associated with infertility therapy.Fertil Steril. 2006; 86: S106-S110
- 553: multifetal pregnancy reduction.Obstet Gynecol. 2013; 121: 405-410
- Practice Bulletin No. 169: multifetal gestations: twin, triplet, and higher-order multifetal pregnancies.Obstet Gynecol. 2016; 128: e131-e146
- SMFM Special Statement: state of the science on multifetal gestations: unique considerations and importance.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019; 221: B2-B12
- Maternal complications associated with multiple pregnancy.Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 47: 227-236
- Embryo transfer practices and multiple births resulting from assisted reproductive technology: an opportunity for prevention.Fertil Steril. 2015; 103: 954-961
- Electronic address: [email protected] Guidance on the limits to the number of embryos to transfer: a committee opinion.Fertil Steril. 2021; 116: 651-654
- ART in Europe, 2014: results generated from European registries by ESHRE: the European IVF-monitoring Consortium (EIM) for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE).Hum Reprod. 2018; 33: 1586-1601
- Access to and use of infertility services in the United States: framing the challenges.Fertil Steril. 2016; 105: 1113-1118
- Transfer of fresh versus frozen embryos in ovulatory women.N Engl J Med. 2018; 378: 126-136
- Fresh versus frozen embryo transfers in assisted reproduction.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 3CD011184
- Has the massachusetts infertility mandate lived up to its promise?.Fertil Steril. 2019; 112(Suppl): e41-e42
Article Info
Publication History
Footnotes
The authors report no conflict of interest.
This study received no funding.
Cite this article as: Peipert BJ, Chung EH, Harris BS, et al. Impact of comprehensive state insurance mandates on in vitro fertilization utilization, embryo transfer practices, and outcomes in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022;227:64.e1-8.