The literature on the relationship between diet and human fertility has greatly expanded
over the last decade, resulting in the identification of a few clear patterns. Intake
of supplemental folic acid, particularly at doses higher than those recommended for
the prevention of neural tube defects, has been consistently related to lower frequency
of infertility, lower risk of pregnancy loss, and greater success in infertility treatment.
On the other hand and despite promising evidence from animal models, vitamin D does
not appear to exert an important role in human fertility in the absence of deficiency.
Antioxidant supplementation does not appear to offer any benefits to women undergoing
infertility treatment, but it appears to be beneficial when it is the male partner
who is supplemented. However, the available evidence does not allow discerning which
specific antioxidants, or at which doses, are responsible for this benefit. Long-chain
omega-3 fatty acids appear to improve female fertility, although it remains unclear
to what extent contamination of shared food sources, such as fish with high levels
of environmental toxicants, can dampen this benefit. Lastly, adherence to healthy
diets favoring seafood, poultry, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are related
to better fertility in women and better semen quality in men. The cumulative evidence
has also piled against popular hypotheses. Dairy and soy, once proposed as reproductive
toxicants, have not been consistently related to poor fertility. In fact, soy and
soy supplements appear to exert a beneficial effect among women undergoing infertility
treatment. Similarly, because data from large, high-quality studies continue to accumulate,
the evidence of a potentially deleterious effect of moderate alcohol and caffeine
intake on the ability to become pregnant seems less solid than it once did. While
a complete picture of the role of nutrition on fertility is far from complete, much
progress has been made. The most salient gaps in the current evidence include jointly
considering female and male diets and testing the most consistent findings in randomized
trials.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 24, 2017
Accepted:
August 16,
2017
Received in revised form:
August 7,
2017
Received:
June 5,
2017
Footnotes
This study was supported by grant K99ES026648 from the National Institutes of Health, grant R01ES009718 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, grant L50-HD085359 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and grant P30DK46200 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
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