Reports on the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) recurrence rate have been highly
variable. Our objectives were to examine the possible causes of GDM recurrence rate
variability and to obtain pooled estimates in subgroups. We have carried out a systematic
review and metaanalysis based on the Metaanalysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology
statement. We identified papers published from 1973 to September 2014. We identified
papers using Medline (PubMed and Ovid), ClinicalTrials.gov and Google Scholar databases, and published references. We included only English-language,
population-based studies that reported specified GDM criteria and GDM recurrence rate.
A total of 18 eligible studies with 19,053 participants were identified. We used the
Cochrane’s Q test of heterogeneity to choose the model for estimating the pooled GDM
recurrence rate. Metaregression was also used to explore the possible causes of variability
between studies. The pooled GDM recurrence rate was 48% (95% confidence interval,
41–54%). A significant association between ethnicity and GDM recurrence rate was found
(P = .02). Non-Hispanic whites had lower recurrence rate compared with other ethnicities
(39% and 56%, respectively). Primiparous women had a lower recurrence rate compared
with multiparous women (40% and 73%, respectively; P < .0001) No evidence for association between family history of diabetes and GDM recurrence
was found. The overall GDM recurrence rate is high. Non-Hispanic whites and primiparous
women have substantially lower GDM recurrence rates, which contributes to the variability
between studies. Because no association between family history of diabetes and GDM
recurrence was found, the large differences between ethnic groups may have also resulted
from nongenetic factors. Thus, intervention programs could reduce the GDM recurrence
rates.
Key words
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: March 07, 2015
Accepted:
March 4,
2015
Received in revised form:
January 26,
2015
Received:
November 24,
2014
Footnotes
The authors report no conflict of interest.
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
