American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 203, Issue 3 , Pages 201.e1-201.e5 , September 2010

The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents

  • Enrico Carmina, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
  • ,
  • Sharon E. Oberfield, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
  • ,
  • Rogerio A. Lobo, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY

Received 22 January 2010 ,Revised 16 February 2010 ,Accepted 5 March 2010.

References 

  1. Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rationale approach. In:  Dunaif A,  Givens JR,  Haseltine F,  Merriam GR editor. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Boston, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992;p. 377–384
  2. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod. 2004;19:41–47
  3. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, et al. Position statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome; an androgen excess society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:4237–4245
  4. Pfeifer SM, Kives S. Polycystic ovary syndrome in the adolescent. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2009;36:129–152
  5. Yii MF, Lim CE, Luo X, et al. Polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescence. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2009;16:1–6
  6. Diamanti-Kandarakis E. PCOS in adolescence. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;24:173–183
  7. Shayya R, Chang RJ. Reproductive endocrinology of adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome. BJOG. 2010;117:150–155
  8. Sultan C, Paris F. Clinical expression of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls. Fertil Steril. 2006;86(Suppl):56
  9. Ibáñez L, de Zegher F, Potau N. Anovulation after precocious pubarche: early markers and time course in adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:2691–2695
  10. Coviello AD, Legro RS, Dunaif A. Adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome have an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome associated with increasing androgen levels independent of obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:492–497
  11. Rosner W, Auchus RJ, Azziz F, et al. Position statement: utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:405–413
  12. Carmina E, Lobo RA. Evaluation of hormonal status. In:  Strauss JF,  Barbieri RL editor. Yen and Jaffe's reproductive endocrinology: physiology, pathophysiology and clinical management. 6th ed.. Philadelphia: Elsevier-Saunders; 2009;p. 801–823
  13. Silfen ME, Denburg MR, Manibo AM, et al. Early endocrine, metabolic, and sonographic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): comparison between nonobese and obese adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:4682–4688
  14. Olutunmbi Y, Paley K, English JC. Adolescent female acne: etiology and management. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2008;21:171–176
  15. Chang JR, Coffler MS. Polycystic ovary syndrome: early detection in adolescence. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;50:178–187
  16. Blank SK, Helm KD, McCartney CR, Marshall JC. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1135:76–84
  17. Metcalf MG, Skidmore DS, Lowry GF, et al. Incidence of ovulation in the years after the menarche. J Endocrinol. 1983;97:213–219
  18. Venturoli S, Porcu E, Fabbri F, et al. Menstrual irregularities in adolescents: hormonal pattern and ovarian morphology. Horm Res. 1987;24:269–279
  19. Vikho R, Apter D. Endocrine characteristics of adolescent menstrual cycles: impact of early menarche. J Steroid Biochem. 1984;20:213–216
  20. Southam AL, Richart AM. The prognosis for adolescent with menstrual abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1968;94:637–647
  21. Treloar AE, Boynton RE, Behn BG, Brown BW. Variation of the human menstrual cycle through reproductive life. Int J Fertil. 1967;12:77–126
  22. World Health Organization Task Force on Adolescent Reproductive Health. World Health Organization multicenter study on menstrual and ovulatory patterns in adolescent girls, II: longitudinal study of menstrual patterns in the early postmenarcheal period, duration of bleeding episodes and menstrual cycles. J Adolesc Health Care. 1986;7:236–244
  23. Flug D, Largo RH, Prader A. Menstrual pattern in adolescent Swiss girls: a longitudinal study. Ann Hum Biol. 1984;11:495–508
  24. Apter D, Räisänen I, Ylöstalo P, et al. Follicular growth in relation to serum hormonal patterns in adolescent compared with adult menstrual cycles. Fertil Steril. 1987;47:82–88
  25. Gardner J. Adolescent menstrual characteristics as predictors of gynecological health. Ann Hum Biol. 1983;10:31–40
  26. Wiksten-Almstromer M, Hirschberg AL, Hagenfeldt K. Prospective follow-up of menstrual disorders in adolescence and prognostic features. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87:1162–1168
  27. Van Hooff MH, Voorhorst FJ, Kaptein MB, et al. Predictive value of menstrual cycle pattern, body mass index, hormone levels and polycystic ovaries for oligoamenorrhea at age 18 years. Hum Reprod. 2004;19:383–392
  28. Morimatsu Y, Matsubara S, Watanabe T, et al. Future recovery of the normal menstrual cycle in adolescent patients with secondary amenorrhea. J Obstet Gynecol Res. 2009;35:545–550
  29. Hickey M, Balen A. Menstrual disorders in adolescence: investigation and management. Hum Reprod Update. 2003;9:493–495
  30. Balen AH, Laven JS, Tan SL, et al. Ultrasound assessment of the polycystic ovary: international consensus definitions. Hum Reprod Update. 2003;9:505–514
  31. Barber TM, Alvey C, Greenslade T, et al. Patterns of ovarian morphology in polycystic ovary syndrome: a study utilizing magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol. 2010;20:1207–1213
  32. Venturoli S, Porcu E, Fabbri R, et al. Longitudinal change of sonographic ovarian aspects and endocrine parameters in irregular cycles of adolescence. Pediatr Res. 1995;38:974–980
  33. Mortensen M, Rosenfield RL, Littlejohn E. Functional significance of polycystic-size ovaries in healthy adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:3786–3790
  34. Chen Y, Yang D, Li L, et al. The role of ovarian volume as a diagnostic criterion for Chinese adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2008;21:347–350
  35. Carmina E, Orio F, Palomba S, et al. Ovarian size and blood flow in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their correlations with some endocrine parameters. Fertil Steril. 2005;84:413–419
  36. Jonard S, Robert Y, Dewailly D. Revisiting the ovarian volume as a diagnostic criterion for polycystic ovaries. Hum Reprod. 2005;20:2893–2898
  37. Herter LD, Magalháes JA, Spritzer PM. Relevance of the evaluation of ovarian volume in adolescent girls with menstrual disorders. J Clin Ultrasound. 1996;24:243–248
  38. Belosi C, Selvaggi L, Apa R, et al. Is the PCOS diagnosis solved by ESHRE/ASRM 2003 consensus or could it include ultrasound examination of the ovarian stroma?. Hum Reprod. 2006;21:2308–2315

 Cite this article as: Carmina E, Oberfield SE, Lobo RA. The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;203:201.e1-5.

 Reprints not available from the authors.

PII: S0002-9378(10)00306-6

doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.03.008

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 203, Issue 3 , Pages 201.e1-201.e5 , September 2010