American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 201, Issue 3 , Pages 227-229 , September 2009

A new classification of placenta previa: Measuring progress in obstetrics

  • Lawrence W. Oppenheimer, MD, FRCOG, FRCSC

      Affiliations

    • Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Dan Farine, MD, FRCSC

      Affiliations

    • Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

References 

  1. In:  Chassar Moir J,  Myersough PR editor. Munro Kerr's operative obstetrics. 8th ed. London: Balliere, Tindall & Cassell; 1971;p. 771–804
  2. MacAfee CHG. Placenta previa: a study of 174 cases. J Obstet Gynecol Br Commonwealth. 1945;52:313–317
  3. Gottesfeld KR, Thompson JH, Taylor ES. Ultrasound placentography: a new method for placental localization. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1966;96:538–547
  4. Merz E. Ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. 2nd ed.. New York, NY: Thieme; 2007;
  5. Farine D, Fox HE, Jakobson S, Timor-Tritsch IE. Vaginal ultrasound for diagnosis of placenta previa. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159:566–569
  6. Smith RS, Lauria MR, Comstock CH, et al. Transvaginal ultrasonography for all placentas that appear to be low-lying or over the internal cervical os. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1997;9:22–24
  7. Timor-Tritsch IE, Yunis RA. Confirming the safety of transvaginal sonography in patients suspected of placenta previa. Obstet Gynecol. 1993;81:742–744
  8. Leerentveld RA, Gilberts ECAM, Arnold KJCW, Wladimiroff JW. Accuracy and safety of transvaginal sonographic placental localization. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;76:759–762
  9. Oppenheimer L, Farine D, Ritchie K, Lovinsky RM, Telford J, Fairbanks LA. What is a low-lying placenta?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;165:1036–1038
  10. Dawson WB, Dumas MD, Romano WM, Gagnon R, Gratton RJ, Mowbray D. Translabial ultrasonography and placenta previa: Does measurement of the os-placental distance predict outcome?. J Ultrasound Med. 1996;15:441–446
  11. Sallout B, Oppenheimer LW. The classification of placenta previa based on os-placental edge distance at transvaginal sonography. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187(suppl):S94
  12. Bhide A, Prefumo F, Moore J, Hollis B, Thilaganathan B. Placental edge to internal os distance in the late third trimester and mode of delivery in placenta previa. BJOG. 2003;110:860–864
  13. Predanic M, Perni SC, Baergen RN, Jean-Pierre C, Chasen ST, Chervenak FA. A sonographic assessment of different patterns of placenta previa “migration” in the third trimester of pregnancy. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24:773–780
  14. Vergani P, Ornaghi S, Pozzi I, et al. Placenta previa: distance to internal os and mode of delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201:266–268
  15. Oppenheimer LW, Farine D, Ritchie JWK. The classification of placenta praevia-time for a change?. Fetal Matern Med Rev. 1992;4:73–78
  16. Oyelese Y. Placenta previa and vasa previa: time to leave the Dark Ages. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2001;18:96–99
  17. Wing DA, Paul RH, Millar LK. Management of the symptomatic placenta praevia: a randomized, controlled trial of inpatient versus outpatient expectant management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175:806–811
  18. Mustafa SA, Brizot ML, Carvalho MHB, Watanabe L, Kahhale S, Zugaib Z. Transvaginal ultrasonography in predicting placenta previa at delivery: a longitudinal study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002;20:356–359
  19. Yang JI, Lim YK, Kim HS, Chang KH, Lee JP, Ryu HS. Sonographic findings of placental lacunae and the prediction of adherent placenta in women with placenta previa totalis and prior cesarean section. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2006;28:178–182
  20. Oyelese Y, Catanzarite V, Prefumo F, et al. Vasa previa: the impact of prenatal diagnosis on outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103:937–942

PII: S0002-9378(09)00630-9

doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.010

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 201, Issue 3 , Pages 227-229 , September 2009

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