American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 201, Issue 1 , Pages 53.e1-53.e7 , July 2009

Low pregnancy weight gain and small for gestational age: a comparison of the association using 3 different measures of small for gestational age

Presented at a meeting for the Institute of Medicine's Committee to Reexamine the IOM Pregnancy Weight Gain Guidelines, Washington, DC, June 5, 2008.

  • Patricia M. Dietz, DrPH, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
    • ,
  • William M. Callaghan, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
    • ,
  • Ruben Smith, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
    • ,
  • Andrea J. Sharma, PhD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA

Received 14 November 2008 ,Revised 26 February 2009 ,Accepted 22 April 2009.

References 

  1. Institute of Medicine. Nutrition during pregnancy. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1990;
  2. Viswanathan M, Siega-Riz AM, Moos M-K. Outcomes of maternal weight gain (Evidence report/technology assessment no. 168). (prepared by RTI International-University of North Carolina Evidence-based Practice Center under contract no. 290-02-0016). AHRQ publication no. 08-E-09 Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2008;
  3. Clayton PE, Cianfarani S, Czernichow P, Johannsson G, Rapaport R, Rogol A. Management of the child born small for gestational age through to adulthood: a consensus statement of the International Societies of Pediatric Endocrinology and the Growth Hormone Research Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:804–810
  4. McIntire DD, Bloom SL, Casey BM, Leveno KJ. Birth weight in relation to morbidity and mortality among newborn infants. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1234–1238
  5. Minior VK, Divon MY. Fetal growth restriction at term: myth or reality?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;92:57–60
  6. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Intrauterine growth restriction (ACOG practice bulletin no. 12). Washington, DC: ACOG; 2000;
  7. Figueras F, Figueras J, Meler E, et al. Customised birthweight standards accurately predict perinatal morbidity. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2007;92:F277–F280
  8. McCowan LM, Harding JE, Stewart AW. Customized birthweight centiles predict SGA pregnancies with perinatal morbidity. BJOG. 2005;112:1026–1033
  9. Groom KM, Poppe KK, North RA, McCowan LM. Small-for-gestational-age infants classified by customized or population birthweight centiles: impact of gestational age at delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197:239.e1–239.e5
  10. Shulman H, Gilbert BC, Lansky A. The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS): current methods and evaluation of 2001 response rates. Public Health Rep. 2006;121:74–83
  11. Alexander GR, Kogan MD, Himes JH. 1994-1996 U.S. singleton birth weight percentiles for gestational age by race, Hispanic origin, and gender. Matern Child Health J. 1999;3:225–231
  12. Gardosi J, Mongelli M, Wilcox M, Chang A. An adjustable fetal weight standard. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1995;6:168–174
  13. Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Martinez-Poyer J. In utero analysis of fetal growth: a sonographic weight standard. Radiology. 1991;181:129–133
  14. Rockhill B, Newman B, Weinberg C. Use and misuse of population attributable fractions. Am J Public Health. 1998;88:15–19
  15. Newsome CA, Shiell AW, Fall CH, Phillips DI, Shier R, Law CM. Is birth weight related to later glucose and insulin metabolism?—A systematic review. Diabet Med. 2003;20:339–348
  16. Lederman SA, Paxton A. Maternal reporting of prepregnancy weight and birth outcome: consistency and completeness compared with the clinical record. Matern Child Health J. 1998;2:123–126
  17. Stevens-Simon C, Roghmann KJ, McAnarney ER. Relationship of self-reported prepregnant weight and weight gain during pregnancy to maternal body habitus and age. J Am Diet Assoc. 1992;92:85–87
  18. Stotland NE, Cheng YW, Hopkins LM, Caughey AB. Pregnancy weight gain and adverse neonatal outcome among term infants. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108(3 Pt 1):635–643
  19. Hellerstedt WL, Himes JH, Story M, Alton IR, Edwards LE. The effects of cigarette smoking and gestational weight change on birth outcomes in obese and normal-weight women. Am J Public Health. 1997;87:591–596
  20. Parker JD, Abrams B. Prenatal weight gain advice: an examination of the recent prenatal weight gain recommendations of the Institute of Medicine. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;79(5 Pt 1):664–669
  21. Cnattingius S, Bergström R, Lipworth L, Kramer MS. Prepregnancy weight and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:147–152
  22. Cedergren M. Effects of pregnancy weight gain and body mass index on obstetric outcome in Sweden. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006;93:269–274
  23. Jensen DM, Ovesen P, Beck-Nielsen H, et al. Gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes in 481 obese glucose-tolerant women. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2118–2122
  24. Mari G, Hanif F. Intrauterine growth restriction: how to manage and when to deliver. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;50:497–509

 The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

 Reprints not available from the authors.

 Cite this article as: Dietz PM, Callaghan WM, Smith R, et al. Low pregnancy weight gain and small for gestational age: a comparison of the association using 3 different measures of small for gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;201:53.e1-7.

PII: S0002-9378(09)00440-2

doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.04.045

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 201, Issue 1 , Pages 53.e1-53.e7 , July 2009

Article Tools