American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 200, Issue 1 , Pages 44.e1-44.e6 , January 2009

Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound scanning for the prediction of endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium

Presented in part at the 17th World Congress of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florence, Italy, Oct. 6-10, 2007.

Received 28 April 2008 ,Revised 2 June 2008 ,Accepted 8 August 2008.

References 

  1. Smith-Bindman R, Kerlikowske K, Feldstein VA, et al. Endovaginal ultrasound to exclude endometrial cancer and other endometrial abnormalities. JAMA. 1998;280:1510–1517
  2. Gupta JK, Chien PF, Voit D, Clark TJ, Khan KS. Ultrasonographic endometrial thickness for diagnosing endometrial pathology in women with postmenopausal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002;81:799–816
  3. Clark TJ, Barton PM, Coomarasamy A, Gupta JK, Khan KS. Investigating postmenopausal bleeding for endometrial cancer: cost-effectiveness of initial diagnostic strategies. BJOG. 2006;113:502–510
  4. Dijkhuizen FP, Mol BW, Brölmann HA, Heintz AP. Cost-effectiveness of the use of transvaginal sonography in the evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding. Maturitas. 2003;45:275–282
  5. Chan FY, Chau MT, Pun TC, et al. Limitations of transvaginal sonography and color Doppler imaging in the differentiation of endometrial carcinoma from benign lesions. J Ultrasound Med. 1994;13:623–628
  6. Kurjak A, Shalan H, Sosic A, et al. Endometrial carcinoma in postmenopausal women: evaluation by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169:1597–1603
  7. Campbell S, Bourne T, Crayford T, Pittrof R. The early detection and assessment of endometrial cancer by transvaginal colour Doppler ultrasonography. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1993;49:44–45
  8. Sladkevicius P, Valentin L, Marsal K. Endometrial thickness and Doppler velocimetry of the uterine arteries as discriminators of endometrial status in women with postmenopausal bleeding: a comparative study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;171:722–728
  9. Aleem F, Predanic M, Calame R, Moukhtar M, Pennisi J. Transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler sonography of the endometrium: a possible role in reducing the number of dilatation and curettage procedures. J Ultrasound Med. 1995;14:139–145
  10. Sheth S, Hamper UM, McCollum ME, Caskey CI, Rosenshein NB, Kurman RJ. Endometrial blood flow analysis in postmenopausal women: can it help differentiate benign from malignant causes of endometrial thickening?. Radiology. 1995;195:661–665
  11. Epstein E, Skoog L, Isberg PE, et al. An algorithm including results of gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound examination to predict endometrial malignancy in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002;20:370–376
  12. Alcázar JL, Castillo G, Mínguez JA, Galán MJ. Endometrial blood flow mapping using transvaginal power Doppler sonography in women with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2003;21:583–588
  13. Alcázar JL, Ajossa S, Floris S, Bargellini R, Gerada M, Guerriero S. Reproducibility of endometrial vascular patterns in endometrial disease as assessed by transvaginal power Doppler sonography in women with postmenopausal bleeding. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25:159–163
  14. Alcazar JL. Three-dimensional ultrasound in gynecology: current status and future perspectives. Curr Women's Health Rev. 2005;1:1–14
  15. Raine-Fenning NJ, Campbell BK, Clewes JS, Kendall NR, Johnson IR. The reliability of virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) for the semiquantification of ovarian, endometrial and subendometrial perfusion. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2003;22:633–639
  16. Alcázar JL, Mercé LT, Manero MG, Bau S, López-García G. Endometrial volume and vascularity measurements by transvaginal 3-dimensional ultrasonography and power Doppler angiography in stimulated and tumoral endometria: an interobserver reproducibility study. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24:1091–1098
  17. Mercé LT, Alcázar JL, Engels V, Troyano J, Bau S, Bajo JM. Endometrial volume and vascularity measurements by transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasonography and power Doppler angiography in stimulated and tumoral endometria: intraobserver reproducibility. Gynecol Oncol. 2006;100:544–550
  18. Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases. Radiology. 1983;148:839–843
  19. Mercé LT, Alcázar JL, López C, et al. Clinical usefulness of 3-dimensional sonography and power Doppler angiography for diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. J Ultrasound Med. 2007;26:1279–1287
  20. Goldstein RB, Bree RL, Benson CB, et al. Evaluation of the woman with postmenopausal bleeding: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound-Sponsored Consensus Conference statement. J Ultrasound Med. 2001;20:1025–1036
  21. Epstein E, Valentin L. Managing women with post-menopausal bleeding. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;18:125–143
  22. Timor-Tritsch IE, Monteagudo A. Three and four-dimensional ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;19:157–175
  23. Martins WP, Ferriani RA, Barra DA, et al. Reliability and validity of tissue volume measurement by three-dimensional ultrasound: an experimental model. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;29:210–214
  24. Foster FS, Burns PN, Simpson DH, Wilson SR, Christopher DA, Goertz DE. Ultrasound for the visualization and quantification of tumor microcirculation. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2000;19:131–138
  25. Moskalik AP, Rubin MA, Wojno KJ, et al. Analysis of three-dimensional Doppler ultrasonographic quantitative measures for the discrimination of prostate cancer. J Ultrasound Med. 2001;20:713–722
  26. Goertz DE, Yu JL, Kerbel RS, Burns PN, Foster FS. High-frequency 3-D color-flow imaging of the microcirculation. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2003;29:39–51
  27. Exacoustos C, Zupi E, Cangi B, Chiaretti M, Arduini D, Romanini C. Endometrial evaluation in postmenopausal breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen: an ultrasound, color flow Doppler, hysteroscopic and histological study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1995;6:435–442
  28. Bonilla-Musoles F, Marti MC, Ballester MJ, Raga F, Osborne NG. Normal uterine arterial blood flow in postmenopausal women assessed by transvaginal color Doppler sonography: the effect of hormone replacement therapy. J Ultrasound Med. 1995;14:497–501
  29. Gruboeck K, Jurkovic D, Lawton F, Savvas M, Tailor A, Campbell S. The diagnostic value of endometrial thickness and volume measurements by three-dimensional ultrasound in patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1996;8:272–276
  30. Raine-Fenning N, Campbell B, Collier J, Brincat M, Johnson I. The reproducibility of endometrial volume acquisition and measurement with the VOCAL-imaging program. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002;19:69–75
  31. Mansour GM, El-Lamie IK, El-Kady MA, El-Mekkawi SF, Laban M, Abou-Gabal AI. Endometrial volume as predictor of malignancy in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;99:206–210
  32. Odeh M, Vainerovsky I, Grinin V, Kais M, Ophir E, Bornstein J. Three-dimensional endometrial volume and 3-dimensional power Doppler analysis in predicting endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia. Gynecol Oncol. 2007;106:348–353

 Cite this article as: Alcazar JL, Galvan R. Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound scanning for the prediction of endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;200:44.e1-44.e6.

 Reprints not available from the authors.

PII: S0002-9378(08)00929-0

doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.08.027

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 200, Issue 1 , Pages 44.e1-44.e6 , January 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution