Use of enhanced perinatal human immunodeficiency virus surveillance methods to assess antiretroviral use and perinatal human immunodeficiency virus transmission in the United States, 1999-2001
Objective
Significant reductions in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission have been demonstrated in which the HIV-infected mothers and their HIV-exposed infants receive prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal antiretroviral therapy.
Study Design
We used data that were collected through the Enhanced Perinatal Surveillance system for HIV-exposed singleton births that occurred 1999-2001 in 24 sites.
Results
The overall infant infection rate for the 3 years was 4.7%. Compared with zidovudine monotherapy, those patients who received zidovudine with other drugs that included a protease inhibitor and those who received zidovudine and other drugs with no protease inhibitor were less likely to have an infected infant (adjusted odds ratio, 0.4 [95% CI, 0.3-0.07]; adjusted odds ratio, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.3-0.8], respectively).
Conclusion
These data support the current treatment recommendations and show that infants were less likely to be infected when the mothers were given a prenatal antiretroviral therapy regimen that contained zidovudine with additional antiretroviral drugs with or without a protease inhibitor in addition to receiving antiretrovirals during delivery and neonatally.
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA
2Northrop Grumman Information Technology, CDC Information Technology Support, Atlanta, GA.
Reprints not available from the authors.
Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Program announcement 0005.
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
ABSTRACT