American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 197, Issue 2 , Pages 156.e1-156.e6 , August 2007

Pattern and degree of forces applied during simulation of shoulder dystocia

  • Joanna F. Crofts, BMBS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprints: Dr Joanna Crofts, Research Fellow, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK.
    • ,
  • Denise Ellis, RM

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
    • ,
  • Mark James, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Trust, Gloucester Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK
    • ,
  • Linda P. Hunt, PhD

      Affiliations

    • University Department of Clinical Sciences at South Bristol, Institute of Child Life and Health, UBHT Education Centre, Bristol, UK
    • ,
  • Robert Fox, MB

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taunton and Somerset NHS Trust, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK.
    • ,
  • Timothy J. Draycott, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK

Received 2 October 2006 ,Revised 19 December 2006 ,Accepted 12 March 2007.

References 

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  2. Ouzounian JG, Gherman RB. Shoulder dystocia: are historic risk factors reliable predictors?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:1933–1935
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  4. NHS Litigation Authority. Summary of substandard care in cases of brachial plexus injury. NHSLA J. 2003;2:ix–xi
  5. Allen R, Sorab J, Gonik B. Risk factors for shoulder dystocia: an engineering study of clinician-applied forces. Obstet Gynecol. 1991;77:352–355
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  9. Allen RH, Gurewitsch ED. Temporary Erb-Duchenne palsy without shoulder dystocia or traction to the foetal head. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:1210–1212
  10. Crofts JF, Attilakos G, Read M, Sibanda T, Draycott TJ. Shoulder dystocia training using a new birth training mannequin. BJOG. 2005;112:997–999
  11. Allen RH, Bankoski BR, Butzin CA, Nagey DA. Comparing clinician-applied loads for routine, difficult, and shoulder dystocia deliveries. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;171:1621–1627
  12. Gurewitsch ED, Kim EJ, Yang JH, Outland KE, McDonald MK, Allen RH. Comparing McRoberts’ and Rubin’s maneuvers for initial management of shoulder dystocia: an objective evaluation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:153–160
  13. Allen RH, Bankoski BR, Nagey DA. Simulating birth to investigate clinician-applied loads on newborns. Med Eng Phys. 1995;17:380–384
  14. Adson AW. The gross pathology of brachial plexus injuries. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1922;34:351–357
  15. Morris . Reports to Societies: shoulder dystocia. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp. 1955;62:302–306
  16. Marani E, van Leeuwen JL, Spoor CW. The tensile testing machine applied in the study of human nerve rupture: a preliminary study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1993;95:S33–S35

 This study was part of the SaFE Study (Simulation and Fire-Drill Evaluation), which was funded by the Patient Safety Research Programme of the Department of Health of England and Wales. The study was conducted in: Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK; Gloucester, Gloucestershire, UK; Bristol, Bristol, UK; Taunton, Somerset, UK; Exeter, Devon, UK; and Truro, Cornwall, UK

 Cite this article as: Crofts JF, Ellis D, James M, et al. Pattern and degree of forces applied during simulation of shoulder dystocia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:156.e1-156.e6.

PII: S0002-9378(07)00405-X

doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.038

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 197, Issue 2 , Pages 156.e1-156.e6 , August 2007

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