American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 195, Issue 1 , Pages 72-77 , July 2006

Comparative effects of a contraceptive vaginal ring delivering a nonandrogenic progestin and continuous ethinyl estradiol and a combined oral contraceptive containing levonorgestrel on hemostasis variables

  • Mandana Rad, MD

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Human Drug Research
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: M. Rad, Zernikedreef 10, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands.
    • ,
  • Cornelis Kluft, PhD

      Affiliations

    • TNO Quality of Life, Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Joël Ménard, PhD

      Affiliations

    • INSERM Unit 367, Paris, France
    • ,
  • Jacobus Burggraaf, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Human Drug Research
    • ,
  • Marieke L. de Kam

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Human Drug Research
    • ,
  • Piet Meijer, PhD

      Affiliations

    • TNO Quality of Life, Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Irving Sivin

      Affiliations

    • Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY
    • ,
  • Regine L. Sitruk-Ware, MD

      Affiliations

    • Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY

Received 25 July 2005 ,Revised 4 November 2005 ,Accepted 5 December 2005.

References 

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  2. Alvarez-Sanchez F, Brache V, Jackanicz T, Faundes A. Evaluation of four different contraceptive vaginal rings: steroid serum levels, luteal activity, bleeding control and lipid profiles. Contraception. 1992;46:387–398
  3. Johansson ED, Sitruk-Ware R. New delivery systems in contraception: vaginal rings. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:S54–S59
  4. Sivin I, Croxatto H, Bahamondes L, Brache V, Alvarez F, Massai R, et al. Two-year performance of a Nestorone-releasing contraceptive implant: a three-center study of 300 women. Contraception. 2004;69:137–144
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  12. Oral Contraceptive and Hemostasis Study Group . The effects of seven monophasic oral contraceptive regimens on hemostatic variables: conclusions from a large randomized multicenter study. Contraception. 2003;67:173–185
  13. Alhenc-Gelas M, Plu-Bureau , Guillonneau S, Kirzin JM, Aiach M, Ochat N, et al. Impact of progestagens on activated protein C (APC) resistance among users of oral contraceptives. J Thromb Haemost. 2004;2:1594–1600
  14. Middeldorp S, Meijers JC, van den Ende AE, van Enk A, Bouma BN, Tans G, et al. Effects on coagulation of levonorgestrel- and desogestrel-containing low dose oral contraceptives: a cross-over study. Thromb Haemost. 2000;84:4–8
  15. Winkler UH. Blood coagulation and oral contraceptives. A critical review. Contraception. 1998;57:203–209
  16. Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products. Points to consider on adjustment for baseline covariates. EMEA Available at: http://www.emea.eu.int/pdfs/human/ewp/286399en.pdf. Accessed October 2004.
  17. Odlind V, Milsom I, Persson I, Victor A. Can changes in sex hormone binding globulin predict the risk of venous thromboembolism with combined oral contraceptive pills?. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002;81:482–490
  18. Mashchak CA, Lobo RA, Dozono-Takano R, Eggena P, Nakamura RM, Brenner PF, et al. Comparison of pharmacodynamic properties of various estrogen formulations. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982;144:511–518
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 Supported by U.S. Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement HRN-A-00-99-00010.

PII: S0002-9378(05)02684-0

doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.12.007

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 195, Issue 1 , Pages 72-77 , July 2006

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