American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 191, Issue 3 , Pages 917-927 , September 2004

Maternal outcomes at 2 years after planned cesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: The international randomized Term Breech Trial

  • Mary E. Hannah, MDCM

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre,
    • Health Policy Management and Evaluation,
    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • ,
  • Hilary Whyte, MD

      Affiliations

    • Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children,
    • Health Policy Management and Evaluation,
    • ,
  • Walter J. Hannah, MD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre,
    • ,
  • Sheila Hewson, BA

      Affiliations

    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • ,
  • Kofi Amankwah, MD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre,
    • ,
  • Mary Cheng, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centenary Hospital,
    • ,
  • Amiram Gafni, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • Scarborough, Ontario, Canada, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
    • ,
  • Patricia Guselle, BA

      Affiliations

    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • ,
  • Michael Helewa, MD

      Affiliations

    • McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • ,
  • Ellen D. Hodnett, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Nursing,
    • ,
  • Eileen Hutton, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre,
    • ,
  • Rose Kung, MD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre,
    • ,
  • Darren McKay, BCS

      Affiliations

    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • ,
  • Susan Ross, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre,
    • Health Policy Management and Evaluation,
    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • ,
  • Saroj Saigal, MD

      Affiliations

    • Paediatrics,
    • ,
  • Andrew Willan, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Public Health Sciences,
    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • ,
  • for the 2-year maternal follow-up Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group

      Affiliations

    • Members listed at end of article.

References 

  1. Hall MH, Bewley S. Maternal mortality and mode of delivery. Lancet. 1999;354:776
  2. Schuitemaker N, van Roosmalen J, Dekker G, van Dongen P, van Geijn H, Gravenhorst JB. Maternal mortality after cesarean section in The Netherlands. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1997;76:332–334
  3. Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hewson S, Hodnett E, Saigal S, Willan A for the Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group. Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial. Lancet. 2000;356:1375–1383
  4. Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hodnett E, Chalmers B, Kung R, Willan A, et al. for the Term Breech Trial 3-Month Follow-up Collaborative Group Outcomes at 3 months after planned cesarean vs planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term. The International Term Breech Trial. JAMA. 2002;287:1822–1831
  5. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression—development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatr. 1987;150:782–786
  6. In:  Cox J,  Holden J editor. Perinatal psychiatry: use and misuse of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Royal College of Psychiatrists. London: Gaskell; 1994;
  7. Perinatal Mortality. A listing of available information, WHO/FRH/MSM/96.7 World Health Organization. Geneva, 1996.
  8. Notzon FC, Placek PJ, Taffel SM. Comparisons of national cesarean-section rates. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:386–389
  9. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National Centre for Health Statistics. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/02news/birthlow.htm. Accessed on August 24, 2004.
  10. Department of Health Statistical Bulletin: NHS maternity statistics. Available at: http://www.doh.gov.uk/HPSSS/TBL_A14.HTM. Accessed on August 24, 2004.
  11. Højberg K, Salvig JD, Winsløw NA, Lose G, Secher NJ. Urinary incontinence: prevalence and risk factors at 16 weeks of gestation. BJOG. 1999;106:842–850
  12. Tetzschner T, Sørensen M, Lose G, Christiansen J. Anal and urinary incontinence in women with obstetric anal sphincter rupture. BJOG. 1996;103:1034–1040
  13. MacArthur C, Bick DE, Keighley MRB. Faecal incontinence after childbirth. BJOG. 1997;104:46–50
  14. Rortveit G, Daltveit AK, Hannestad YS, Hunskaar S, for the Norwegian EPINCONT Study . Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:900–907
  15. Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Thomas JM, Bartram CI. Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1905–1911
  16. Thompson JF, Roberts CL, Currie M, Ellwood DA. Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: associations with parity and method of birth. Birth. 2002;29:83–94
  17. Jolly J, Walker J, Bhabra K. Subsequent obstetric performance related to primary mode of delivery. BJOG. 1999;106:227–232
  18. DiMatteo MR, Morton SC, Lepper HS, Damush TM, Carney MF, Pearson M, et al. Cesarean childbirth and psychosocial outcomes: a meta-analysis. Health Psychol. 1996;15:303–314
  19. Glazener CMA. Sexual function after childbirth: women's experiences, persistent morbidity and lack of professional recognition. BJOG. 1997;104:330–335
  20. Murphy DJ, Stirrat GM, Heron J, the ALSPAC Study Team . The relationship between caesarean section and subfertility in a population-based sample of 14,541 pregnancies. Hum Reprod. 2002;17:1914–1917
  21. Hofmeyr GJ, Hannah ME. Planned Caesarean section for term breech delivery. (Cochrane Review) In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2004. Oxford: Update Software.
  22. Mozurkewich EL, Hutton EK. Elective repeat cesarean delivery versus trial of labor: a meta-analysis of the literature from 1989-1999. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183:1187–1197
  23. Lydon-Rochelle M, Holt VL, Easterling TR, Martin DP. First-birth cesarean and placental abruption or previa at second birth. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97:765–769
  24. Krebs L, Langhoff-Roos J. Elective cesarean delivery for term breech. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:690–696
  25. Ryding EL, Wijma K, Wijma B. Psychological impact of emergency cesarean section in comparison with elective cesarean section, instrumental and normal vaginal delivery. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 1998;19:135–144

 Supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (grant number: MT-37415). Dr Hannah holds a CIHR Senior Scientist Award. The Data Co-ordination Centre was supported by grants from the Centre for Research in Women's Health, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Presented at the Twenty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine, New Orleans, La, February 2-7, 2004.Reprints are not available from the authors.

PII: S0002-9378(04)00868-3

doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.08.004

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 191, Issue 3 , Pages 917-927 , September 2004

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