American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 191, Issue 3 , Pages 864-871 , September 2004

Outcomes of children at 2 years after planned cesarean birth versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: The international randomized Term Breech Trial

  • Hilary Whyte, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children,
    • Health Policy Management and Evaluation,
    • ,
  • Mary E. Hannah, MDCM

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre,
    • Health Policy Management and Evaluation,
    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • ,
  • Saroj Saigal, MD

      Affiliations

    • and Paediatrics,
    • ,
  • Walter J. Hannah, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre,
    • ,
  • Sheila Hewson, BA

      Affiliations

    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • ,
  • Kofi Amankwah, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre,
    • ,
  • Mary Cheng, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centenary Hospital,
    • ,
  • Amiram Gafni, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • Scarborough, Ontario, Canada, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
    • ,
  • Patricia Guselle, BA

      Affiliations

    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • ,
  • Michael Helewa, MD

      Affiliations

    • McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • ,
  • Ellen D. Hodnett, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Nursing,
    • ,
  • Eileen Hutton, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre,
    • ,
  • Rose Kung, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre,
    • ,
  • Darren McKay, BCS

      Affiliations

    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • ,
  • Susan Ross, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre,
    • Health Policy Management and Evaluation,
    • ,
  • Andrew Willan, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Public Health Sciences,
    • Maternal Infant and Reproductive Health Research Unit at the Centre for Research in Women's Health,
    • ,
  • for the 2-year infant follow-up Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group (Appendix)

References 

  1. Schutte MF, van Hemel OJS, van de Berg C, van de Pol A. Perinatal mortality in breech presentations as compared to vertex presentation in singleton pregnancies: an analysis based upon 57,819 computer-registered pregnancies in The Netherlands. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1985;19:391–400
  2. Sørensen HT, Steffensen FH, Olsen J, Sabroe S, Gillman MW, Fischer P, et al. Long-term follow-up of cognitive outcome after breech presentation at birth. Epidemiology. 1999;10:554–556
  3. Cheng M, Hannah ME. Breech delivery at term: a critical review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol. 1993;82:605–618
  4. Gifford DS, Morton SC, Fiske M, Kahn K. A meta-analysis of infant outcomes after breech delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 1995;85:1047–1054
  5. Danielian PJ, Wang J, Hall MH. Long term outcome by method of delivery of fetuses in breech presentation at term: population based follow up. BMJ. 1996;312:1451–1453
  6. Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hewson S, Hodnett E, Saigal S, Willan A for the Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group. Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial. Lancet. 2000;356:1375–1383
  7. In:  Squires J,  Potter L,  Bricker D editor. The ASQ user's guide for the ages & stages questionnaires: a parent-completed, child-monitoring system. Baltimore (MD): Paul H Brookes Publishing Co; 1995;
  8. Perinatal Mortality . A listing of available information, WHO/FRH/MSM/96.7. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1996;
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Epi Info Version 3.2.2 (April 14, 2004). Available at www.cdc.gov/epiinfo. Accessed August 16, 2004.
  10. Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Apgar scores as predictors of chronic neurologic disability. Pediatrics. 1981;68:36–44
  11. Krebs L, Langhoff-Roos J, Thorngren-Jerneck K. Long-term outcome in term breech infants with low Apgar score-a population-based follow-up. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001;100:5–8
  12. Moster D, Lie RT, Irgens LM, Bjerkedal T, Markestad T. The association of Apgar score with subsequent death and cerebral palsy: a population-based study in term infants. J Pediatr. 2001;138:798–803

 Supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant no. MT-37415). The Data Co-ordination Centre was supported by grants from the Centre for Research in Women's Health, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Presented at the Twenty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine, New Orleans, La, February 2-7, 2004.Reprints will not be available from the authors.

PII: S0002-9378(04)00656-8

doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.056

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 191, Issue 3 , Pages 864-871 , September 2004

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