Stillbirth and neonatal outcomes in South Australia, 1991-2000☆

Abstract 

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of maternal factors associated with impaired placental function on stillbirth and neonatal death rates in South Australia.

Study design

From 1991 to 2000, the South Australian Pregnancy Outcome Unit's population database was searched to identify stillbirths and neonatal deaths in women with maternal medical conditions during pregnancy and in twin and singleton pregnancies.

Results

Women with hypertension and carbohydrate intolerance and who smoked during pregnancy had an increased risk of stillbirth. Women with twin pregnancies had a significantly higher stillbirth rate than for singletons at each week of gestational age. An increase in stillbirth rate at later gestations was seen with singletons, with a similar trend in twins but rising from 36 weeks' gestation.

Conclusion

There is a clinical correlation between maternal factors associated with impaired placental function and increased risk of stillbirth, suggesting that intrauterine fetal death represents the mortality end point in a spectrum of intrauterine hypoxia.

Keywords:  Stillbirth, perinatal mortality, perinatal morbidity, multiple pregnancy