American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 184, Issue 4 , Pages 584-590 , March 2001

Human papillomavirus–associated cervical cytologic abnormalities among women with or at risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus

Received 27 March 2000 ,Revised 30 May 2000 ,Accepted 20 September 2000.

References 

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 1993 Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1992;41(RR-17):1–19
  2. Klein RS, Ho GYF, Vermund SH, Fleming I, Burk RD. Risk factors for squamous intraepithelial lesions on Pap smear in women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis. 1994;170:1404–1409
  3. Wright T, Ellerbrock T, Chaisson MA, Van Devanter N, Xiao-Wei S, New York Cervical Disease Study . Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with human immunodeficiency virus: prevalence, risk factors and validity of Papanicolaou smears. Obstet Gynecol. 1994;84:591–597
  4. Xiao-Wei S, Ellerbrock T, Lungu O, Chiasson M, Bush T, Wright T. Human papillomavirus in human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive women. Obstet Gynecol. 1995;85:680–686
  5. Maiman M, Fruchter RG, Guy L, Cuthill S, Levine P, Serur E. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and invasive cervical carcinoma. Cancer. 1993;71:402–406
  6. ter Meulen J, Eberhardt HC, Luande J, Mgaya HN, Chang-Claude J, Mtiro H, et al.  Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, HIV infections and cervical cancer in Tanzania, East Africa. Int J Cancer. 1992;51:515–521
  7. Smith D, Warren DL, Vlahov D, Schuman P, Stein MD, Greenberg BL, et al.  Design and baseline participant characteristics of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology Research (HER) Study: a prospective cohort study of human immunodeficiency virus infection in US women. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146:459–469
  8. Centers for Disease Control . Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1987;36(Suppl 1S):1S–15S
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 1997 Revised guidelines for performing of CD4+ T-cell determinations in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997;46(RR-2):1–29
  10. National Cancer Institute Workshop . The 1988 Bethesda system for reporting cervical/vaginal cytological diagnoses. JAMA. 1989;262:931–934
  11. Goldberg G, Vermund S, Schiffman M, Ritter D, Spitzer C, Burk R. Comparison of Cytobrush and cervicovaginal lavage sampling methods for the detection of genital human papillomavirus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161:1669–1672
  12. Manos MM, Ting Y, Wright DK, Lewis AJ, Broker TR, Wolinsky SM. Use of polymerase chain reaction amplification for the detection of genital human papillomaviruses. Cancer Cells. 1989;7:209–214
  13. Shah K, Solomon L, Daniel R, Cohn S, Vlahov D. Comparison of PCR and hybrid capture methods for detection of human papillomavirus in injection drug–using women at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35:517–519
  14. Burk RD, Ho GY, Beardsley L, Lempa M, Peters M, Bierman R. Sexual behavior and partner characteristics are the predominant risk factors for genital human papilloma virus infection in young women. J Infect Dis. 1996;174:679–689
  15. Farzadegan H, Hoover DR, Astemborski J, Lyles CM, Margolick JB, Markham RB, et al.  Sex differences in HIV-1 viral load and progression to AIDS. Lancet. 1998;352:1510–1514
  16. Belsley DA, Kuh E, Welsch RE. Regression diagnostics. New York: : John Wiley; 1980;
  17. Davis CE, Hyde JE, Bangdiwala SI, Nelson JJ. An example of dependencies among variables in a conditional logistic regression. In:  Moolgavkar SH,  Prentice RL editor. Modern statistical methods in chronic disease epidemiology. New York: : John Wiley; 1986;p. 140–147
  18. Pregibon D. Logistic regression diagnostics. Annu Stat Suppl Soc Secur Bull. 1981;9:705–724
  19. SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT software: changes and enhancements through release 6.12. In: Cary (NC): : SAS Institute; 1997;p. 1167
  20. Eide GE, Gefeller O. Sequential and average attributable fractions as aids in the selection of preventive strategies. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48:645–655
  21. Schiffman M, Bauer H, Hoover R, Glass A, Cadell D, Rush B, et al.  Epidemiologic evidence showing that human papillomavirus infection causes most cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85:958–964
  22. Eschenbach DA, Hillier S, Critchlow C, Stevens C, DeRouen T, Holmes KK. Diagnosis and clinical manifestation of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;158:819–828
  23. Carson LF, Twiggs LB, Fukushima M, Ostrow RS, Faras AJ, Okagaki T. Human genital papilloma infections: an evaluation of immunologic competence in the genital neoplasia-papilloma syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986;155:784–789
  24. Vernon S, Hart C, Reeves W, Icenogle J. The HIV-1 tat protein enhances E2-dependent human papillomavirus 16 transcription. Virus Res. 1993;27:133–145
  25. International Collaboration on HIV and Cancer . The impact of highly active anti-retroviral therapy on the incidence of cancer in people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001; In press
  26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 1998 Guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998;47(RR-1):1–15

☆ Supported by cooperative agreements No. U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798, U64/CCU306802, and U64/CCU506831, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

☆☆ Reprint requests: Ann Duerr, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724.

PII: S0002-9378(01)56100-1

doi: 10.1067/mob.2001.111791

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Volume 184, Issue 4 , Pages 584-590 , March 2001

Article Tools